What are eye floaters?
Floaters, also known as vitreous floaters or muscae volitantes, are tiny specks, threads, or cobweb-like structures that appear to float in the field of vision. They are most commonly noticed when looking at a plain background, such as a blue sky or a white wall. These floaters are actually shadows cast on the retina by tiny clumps of gel-like substance called the vitreous humor, which fills the inside of the eye.
Age-related changes
One of the primary causes of eye floaters is age-related changes in the vitreous humor. As we age, the gel-like substance in the eye becomes more liquid, causing it to shrink and pull away from the retina. This natural process, known as posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), can lead to the formation of floaters. Additionally, the vitreous humor may also become more opaque or develop small pockets of fluid, which can result in floaters.
Eye inflammation and uveitis
Eye inflammation and uveitis can also be responsible for the development of eye floaters. Uveitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye. When the uvea becomes inflamed, it can release inflammatory cells into the vitreous humor, leading to the formation of floaters. Uveitis can be caused by various factors, including infection, autoimmune diseases, and eye injuries.
Eye damage and trauma
Eye damage and trauma are another potential cause of eye floaters. Any form of direct injury to the eye, such as a blow or penetrating injury, can disrupt the vitreous humor and cause floaters to appear. Similarly, certain eye surgeries, such as cataract surgery or vitrectomy, can also lead to the development of floaters. In some cases, floaters may be temporary and gradually subside as the eye heals, while in other cases, they may persist.
Treatments and procedures
While there are no proven treatments for eye floaters, certain procedures may inadvertently lead to the appearance of floaters. Laser treatments, such as for retinal tears or diabetic retinopathy, can cause floaters as a side effect. Additionally, intravitreal injections, which are commonly used for the treatment of conditions like macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy, may also result in the formation of floaters.
Related conditions that can cause floaters
Several underlying conditions can contribute to the development of eye floaters. These include diabetic retinopathy, which can cause bleeding into the vitreous humor; retinal tears or detachment, which can release blood or debris into the vitreous; and macular degeneration, which can lead to the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye. It is important to identify and treat these underlying conditions to alleviate floaters.
When to seek medical care
While eye floaters are generally harmless and often do not require treatment, it is essential to seek medical care if they persist or are accompanied by other concerning symptoms. If you notice a sudden increase in the number of floaters, experience flashes of light, have a loss of peripheral vision, or any other significant change in your vision, it is crucial to consult an eye specialist. They can perform a comprehensive eye examination to determine the cause of your floaters and recommend appropriate treatment if necessary.